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Description

RESIDENT describes whether a person was at their usual place of residence on census day. The Canada 1852, Iceland 1901, and Norway censuses of 1875 and 1900 were both de jure and de facto. Persons temporarily absent from their permanent residence were enumerated at their usual (permanent) residence and at their temporary residence on the night of the census.

WARNING: Users must take special care to avoid double counting people in these censuses by selecting only the de jure or de facto samples. The de jure population can be selected using codes 1 and 2. Codes 1, 3, and 4 (Canada 1852 only) jointly identify the de facto population.

Comparability

Canada
The Canadian census of 1852 enumerated all persons who spent census night in the dwelling, as well as members of the family who were absent that night. Later censuses enumerated only usual residents (the de jure population).

The 1852 census identified family members who were present on census night, absent family members, and unrelated persons who were present. This latter category includes servants and other non-relatives who reside in the household, as well as non-residents. RESIDENT therefore identifies the de facto population (persons present on census night) and absent family members. Additional family membership information is available in the unharmonized source variables.

Iceland
The 1901 Iceland sample separately identifies residents who were present on census night, residents absent on census night, and visitors or nonresidents on census night. The 1801 census was de facto.

Norway
The 1875 and 1900 censuses identify present residents, absent residents, and non-residents. The 1801 census used de jure enumeration.

Universe

Availability

• Canada: 1852
• Iceland: 1901
• Norway: 1875, 1900